| Sundargarh | |||
| — district — | |||
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| Coordinates | |||
| Country | India | ||
| State | Orissa | ||
| Headquarters | Sundargarh | ||
| Collector | Smt. Shalini Pandit, IAS | ||
| Member of Parliament | Hemananda Biswal INC | ||
| Parliamentary constituency | Sundargarh | ||
| Assembly constituency | 7, 1.Sundargarh, 2.Talsara, 3.Rajgangpur, 4.Biramitrapur, 5.Rourkela, 6.Raghunathpali and 7.Bonai | ||
| Population • Density |
1,830,673 (2001[update]) • 188 /km2 (487 /sq mi) |
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| Literacy • Male |
65.22% • 75.69% |
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| Official languages | Oriya, Sundargadi, English | ||
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| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) | ||
| Area | 9,712 square kilometres (3,750 sq mi) | ||
| Climate |
Aw (Köppen) • 1,657.1 mm (65.24 in) |
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| Website | sundergarh.nic.in | ||
Sundergarh District, also spelled Sundargarh District, is a district in the northwestern part of Orissa state in eastern India. Sundargarh district is bound by Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh in the west, Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh in the North-West, Simdega district of Jharkhand in the North, West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand and Keonjhar district of Orissa in the east and Jharsuguda, Sambalpur and Deogarh districts of Orissa in the South. The town of Sundergarh is the district headquarters.
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Sundargarh district forms the North western part of Orissa state and is the Second largest district in the state accounting for 6.23% of the total area. Geographical Area of the district is 9712 km2. The district spreads from 21°36′N to 22°32′N and from 83°32′E to 85°22′E.[1]
Two princely States of Gangpur and Bonaigarh constitute the present district of Sundargarh, consequent upon merger of the princely States in 1 January 1948. It is understood that, in ancient times, this district was under the rulers of South Kosala. However, divergent views are available regarding the origin of the ruling family. Bonaigarh was known as Bonai Mandala and was ruled by Mayura dynasty as a feudetory of Bhoumakara dynasty of Utkala.The present royal family of Gangpur belongs to the Parmar dynasty and Bonaigarh belongs to Kadamba dynasty. These ex-states were under the suzerainty of Sambalpur which formed part of the dominion of the Maratha Rajas of Nagpur. They were ceded to the British Government in 1803 by the Maratha Chief Raghuji Bhonsla of Nagpur under the treaty of Deogaon(near Rourkela). But they were restored to him by special engagement in 1806. They were finally ceded in 1826. In 1905, these two princly states were transferred from the control of the commissioner of Chhotanagur to that of Orissa Division and a separate Political Agent was appointed.
The district is currently a part of the Red Corridor.[2]
According to the 2011 census Sundergarh district has a population of 2,080,664 ,[3] roughly equal to the nation of Macedonia[4] or the US state of New Mexico.[5] This gives it a ranking of 221st in India (out of a total of 640).[3] The district has a population density of 214 inhabitants per square kilometre (550 /sq mi) .[3] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.66 %.[3] Sundargarh has a sex ratio of 971 females for every 1000 males,[3] and a literacy rate of 74.13 %.[3]
The Tribals are a major part of the population of this district. According to Census of India report, percentage of tribal population of this district was 50.19 in the 2001 census. The malaria infection of this district is three times the national average. Many children die due to apathy of government medical officials.
Kisan Tribe are the major inhabitants of this district along with Oram, Gond etc. They are Farmers and Food gatherers by profession. They are famous for their Singing and Dancing along with their hospitality. They speak the kisan language along with Sadri, Sambalpuri, Oriya, Hindi and English. Kutra is a very well known Kisan Village.
Kutra is a modern village situated on the State Highway between Rajgangpur and Sundergarh. It is the Block Head Quarters under Sundergarh District. It has Police Station, Fire Station, Hospital and Schools. Kutra Commercial Complex is a major identification at Kutra Bus Stand. The Toppo's are the main residents of this village. The Tribals are the major community in this area. The Tribals are famous for their Songs and Dance along with their Hospitality. Bus is the main source of Transport and the nearest Train Station is at Rajgangpur.
The main language that is spoken in Sundargarh district is locally known as Sundargadi, which is a form of the Sambalpuri Language. People of Agariya community speak Agariya language. In village areas that borders Jharsuguda district of Orissa and Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh, the main language is Agariya, as most of the total population is Agariya. As Sundargarh is a tribal dominated district Mundari, Kurukh, Ho, Kharia, Santali languages are spoken as mother tongue by the concerned tribal people. Santali is written in Ol Chiki script. Like Oriya language, Santali language is also specified in the eighth schedule of the constitution of India. Every year an All India test is held in Santali language which is equivalent to the 10th class exam. Sadri language is the lingua franca among tribal people of this district. Hindi is understood and spoken by people of the district due to its close proximity with Jharkhand & Chhattisgarh. Due to cosmopolitan character, people of Rourkela use Standard Oriya or Standard Hindi as medium of communication. However English and Oriya languages are used for all official purpose.
Nuakhai is one of the most important festivals of this district. Both Hindus and Christians celebrate "Nuakhai".
Karma is also celebrated by both Hindus and Christians.
Rath Yatra of Lord Jagannath is celebrated by non tribal people, in places having Jagannath temple.
Bargaon in Sundargarh district of Orissa is famous for ”Ramnavami Yatra” and “Nama Sankirtana”. The place in Bargaon where the festival and cultural programs are performed is known as “Deva Mandapa”. The Deva Mandapa is surrounded by “Lord Jagannath Temple”, “Sri Hanuman Temple” and a “Dharma Sala” in three sides and the other side is a wide road connecting to the streets of Bargaon-Basti.
The theme of Ramnavami Yatra is the ‘Ramlila’. Performers of the village enact the entire story of Ramayana in open\multiple stages. The whole village is involved in facilitating and welcoming the visitors of that region. Thousands of visitors visit Bargaon during Ramnavami. Ramlila is performed at night, so security and other facilities are provided by local volunteers.
Rajgangpur is also famous for its Ramnavami Festival.
"Nama Sankirtana" is a form of worshiping Lord Krishna and Lord Rama in a gathering. The mantra “Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. Hare Krushna, Hare Krushna, Krushna Krushna, Hare Hare” is enchanted by the worshippers for number of times till Purnahuti (closing ceremony). It is commemorate for 1, 3, 9, 21, 56, 156 days. The highest was 156 days Nama Sankirtana in Bargaon.
Sundargarh district does have big industries at Rourkela, Rajgangpur and Kansbahal.
The Rourkela Steel Plant at Rourkela in this district is the first government sector Steel plant built with foreign (German) collaboration and was the first in India to use LD oxygen technology.
Rajgangpur is an important town situated between Rourkela and Sundergarh. It has a cement plant (OCL India Limited) and many small industries and Taran Textiles.
A fabrication plant (L&T) exists at Kansbahal.
Sundargarh is going to have 2 umpp,[6] one at Darlipali (NTPC) another one at Bhedabahal. Along with that there is another place known as Bonai.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Sundergarh one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[7] It is one of the 19 districts in Orissa currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[7]
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